Xarelto (rivaroxaban) is a new blood-thinning medication. It was approved in July, 2011. There are already serious problems with Zarelto that are being raised by researchers, doctors, and yes, plaintiffs' lawyers.
Xarelto's purpose is to prevent strokes in people with atrial fibrillation. But real questions are lurking about whether Xarelto is safe or effective. There is some evidence - again, some evidence - that people with acute illnesses using Xarelto are twice as likely to develop a blood clot. If a drug bombs out quickly, it is hard not to question exactly what the manfacturer - in this case Bayer - did to test the safety and efficacy of the drug and, invariably, makes you question whether the company played it straight in obtaining and interpreting the test results that it obtained.
Bayer was jazzed to get Xarelto into the $20 billion market of blood thinning products which has long been the stomping ground of Warfain. Boehringer Ingelheim was also eager to jump in with Pardaxa (which is having its own problems). Warfarin is the most commonly used blood thinning medication on the market and has dominated the stroke-prevention market. It is relatively inexpensive but requires frequent monitoring through INR testing to adjust dosage. Further, it interacts with many foods. Pradaxa and Xarelto were intended to make taking blood thinners and little easier for patients. A noble goal, to be sure. But you first have to make sure any new drug is safe and effective.
Overview of Xarelto (rivaroxaban)
Xarelto (rivaroxaban) is an anti-coagulant (blood thinner) manufactured by Bayer, marketed by Janssen Pharmaceutica in the United States, that targets blood clotting Factor Xa, interrupting the blood clotting cascade. Other blood thinners that target Factor Xa include apixaban and edoxaban. The US FDA approved Xarelto in July 2011 for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in adults undergoing knee or hip replacement surgery. In November 2011, the FDA approved Xarelto for reducing the risk of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and has an increased risk of thromboembolic complications and stroke.
Clinical Data and Risks
A clinical study, Rocket AF, was undertaken to compare the safety and efficacy of Xarelto with Warfarin (Coumadin), another blood thinner in over 14,000 patients with Atrial Fibrillation. Xarelto was found to have similar efficacy to Warfarin with respect to stroke prevention. The most common side effect was bleeding, which in some rare cases can lead to death. Results of this trial demonstrated that the risk of bleeding was similar to Warfarin, however, the location of bleeding was different. More subjects had bleeding into the stomach and intestines, whereas warfarin had more incidents of bleeding into the brain. An increase in risk of stroke was seen in the Rocket study in patients in the Xarelto arm which occurred during the transition from the blinded study drug to open label warfarin at the end of the study. In an FDA advisory committee report, it was noted that Xarelto had reduced efficacy in patients with prior history of stoke/TIA/systemic embolism.
Bleeding risks and location of bleeding was confirmed in four studies which included over 12,000 patients undergoing hip or knee replacement. The trial compared Xarelto with Lovenox (Enoxaparin). Number, type, and severity of bleeding events was similar between groups for patients receiving knee replacements, however, in patients receiving hip replacement surgery, Xarelto was associated with a higher number of severe bleeding events (0.3% vs. 0.2%), and was fatal in one case for a subject on Xarelto. The number of bleeding events was also higher in subjects receiving hip replacement surgery on Xarelto compared to those on Enoxaparin (5.8% vs. 5.6%).
In the MAGELLAN study, Xarelto and Lovenox (Enoxaparin) were found to be equally effective as an injectable to prevent blood clots over 10 days of use. After 35 days of Xarelto use, in comparison to patients receiving Lovenox for 10 days and a placebo for 25 days, Xarelto had significantly higher rates of bleeding (4.1% vs 1.7%).
Some results of these studies have come into question after both an FDA advisory committee and a US consumer group Public Citizen stated that some of the comparisons made between treatments were performed in a manner favoring Xarelto.
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Xarelto Problems: Lawsuits on the Way?
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